How data is put over radio waves.

Science has always been very keen to be able to match the calibre of human organic machinery.
Dear friends, it is almost a miracle to conclude that our eyes cannot hear but our ears can. Our nose cannot speak but our mouth or vocal chord can.Our vocal chord can speak but our eyes cannot see it. In other words, we have such utility organs which helps our brain to differentiate a SAME thing[the wave] into 5 different subjects, most consciously. Basically, everything in this universe is designed in WAVES. If you take quantum double slit experiment , its both wave and particle at the same time. You might say smell is something like a particle but my friend please also look at the statement just behind this sentence. Its wave too, right?.

All these five subjects at their final junction give us a feel of a stage ,as dear Shakespeare considers, on which somebody performs. All these five receptors design that somebody for us. Isn't"it beautiful , its just you who is the audience ,its a feeling of rare individuality. Its like the theatre which gets ready just for you, where you are free to comprehend in your ways. Nobody will ever or in fact nobody can interfere, until and unless you express it orally. There are very less mind readers. Our utilities are both input types and output types which do other functions as well, for example licking , touching and kissing during sex. It is the most miraculous act which existence has blessed to humans.We are a rare phenomenon.
So, basically these utilities are mere defining a single entity in five different ways.We have more than 22 utilities but they behave less consciously as compared to these 5.

Now its time for our main subject, that is, How Radio wave carries information.As we know now that everything is a wave in this universe. All waves are electromagnetic in nature or electromagnetic waves. They travel at a speed of light.Waves are measured in Hz which is equivalent to 1 wave per second in a same order, which is also called as its Frequency.To understand this we have to imagine a rope when held from one side and shaken up and down in fast order, the rope by this act would sculpt itself like consecutive mounts appearing one by one based on intensity of shaking. This is very similar to a wave. The distance between the two consecutive mounts in one act is called Wavelength. We have two things now, one is the Wavelength and other one is the height or length of mount which is called Amplitude.So,the Wavelength and the Amplitude is what we can understand, so far. Wavelength is involved in FM and Amplitude is involved in AM.Universal waves have been categorised based on decreasing wavelength and increasing energy and frequency. Radio waves have the longest wavelengths in this categorisation.



What is FM?

It stands for frequency modulation. 
But before that let us understand digitization. We often come across this word, Digital. What exactly is digital? It is nothing but the ability of function to be converted to and from digits, which are basically binary numbers, that is, O and 1. So anything which can be converted to and from zeros and ones is digital. Text can also be converted like the pictures in DSLRs. Once the data is in binary format , it can be converted into any other format by machine.What happens is machines capture nature and converts it into its binary look a like which can be further converted into nature's format like voice . For example, Avril Lavigne singing in an interview to FM or AM channel. She has to sing on a microphone which is human operated and controlled but not human itself.So her voice has to be digitized by the microphone.
It is understandable unto this. But what after that, the same voice is getting received by any radio across the nation.How her voice is flying. Is it s miracle? No! of course not, it is because of Radio Waves which, remember, travels at a speed of light.One thing has to be understood. Machine can talk to other machine in their own language. And there language is binary in most of the cases.In our case it is binary too. But how to make digit fly like radio waves. Can't we make these digits sit on the radio waves and then they can fly in the speed of light.

So, her voice was converted to binary by microphone at the radio station and by above description, if a radio receiver which is also a machine is tuned to the channel''s frequency then it should make its owner listen her sing live which means it has to somehow convert binary into voice.The distance between station and radio receiver has to be mapped.It is not done by making digit sit on radio waves but to by denoting high frequencies to 0 and low frequencies to 1 and vice versa, in the case of FM or Frequency Modulation.Modulation is the act of organizing the wave in certain order. 
So, if the binary conversion of first two words of her singing is 01110, then , recall that rope's example, there will be two mounts with big wavelength as compared to other three with shorter wavelength, like this.It will keep on going.



Now, the receiver can convert this binary to her voice and continue doing so.We can listen to her beautiful voice.




What is AM?

It stands for Amplitude modulation. As , you might have guessed it 



already. Yes, it uses amplitude to denote 0 and 1. For example, if the binary of her singing is 10011, then it[radio broadcaster] would make three high amplitude and two low amplitude in a wave. It would look something like this.






Interesting!! yeah..I know.

So, it was how radio wave's nature has been modified artificially to suit our requirements. Science becomes cunning sometimes. Radio channels can create a buzz in few hours. They have a great fan following. The RJ's make good money, these days. You can be one of then too look for admission in RJ schools.


Thanks and keep hardworking!!



Ashumeet Mitter